electronic government

E-Government

Introduction: Information Technology (IT) is the new most talked about topic around the world. Information technology has his magic touch most of the natural sciences, social and time. Every obedience of knowledge and technology is trying its best to avail the highest benefit from this magical instrument to develop. Government and administration in different countries of the world are also under this magical spell of Information and Communication Technology (ICT). The use of the internet before now is beginning to change the way government operates in response to the mandates of incorporation, such as improving the range of waste, streamline operations and to provide more achievable public access to information. Bangladesh also connected to this IT race in 1964 with the installation on the IBM computer at the Atomic Power Commission. Later computers became popular with financial institutions and the press and the introduction of home computers (PC) in early 1990. In contrast, the use of information technology in the process of government and administration is negligible to date.

The concept of E-government: E-government or resources of the electronic government delivery of public services and information to the public through electronic methods, such as the Wide Area Network, Internet and mobile computing. This method can serve a variety of different purposes, better delivery of public services to citizens, improved offenses with business and industry, citizen empowerment in access to information for a more efficient government. The advantage that results can be less corruption, increased transparency, greater convenience, the growth proceeds and / or cost reduction. In other words, the use of IT in government facilitates an efficient, fast and transparent dissemination of information to the public and others and to perform administrative tasks of the government.

Worldwide, the government is increasingly using sequential and internet technology to provide services between the public and citizens, businesses and other government agencies. From the essential elements of a country to different types of forms / documents can be found in a government website now limited as well as international visitors are always benefited from this. Some government websites allow citizens to access government documents, periodicals, the duty to file, reserve accommodation, paying bills, ordering vital records and renew licenses and permits from any location with an internet connection. Tourists can also get the necessary information, as it is, the reserve requirements for hotels, bus / train / plane schedules, ticket reservations, maps, etc. from web sites. Some government websites that allow visitors to print the visa from the sites and always allow the submission of the form seen online.

So, there are already cryptogram that e-government is transforming organizations, breaking down organizational boundaries and until further access to information, improving communication and facilitate independent processes.

Phases of E-government: United Nations / ASPA global survey recognized five categories to determine a country's e-government progress. According to the categories identified, the company's internet may vary from a country with some promising websites fully integrated autonomous ministry or organization in which a country provides all military specifications through an online gateway to Ingle. The technology allows the progression of being fast, dynamic and not necessarily an individual order. Since that e-government is driven by new technologies, its process is continuous, transforming everyday. There is no pre-set development and time-line or line-shelf. The categories are.

Emerging Web Presence: A country can have a solitaire or some official sites of national governments that provide information to the stationary member and serve as tools of public relations.
-Enhanced Web presence: the number of government Web pages to improve the information becomes more dynamic with users who have more options for access to information.
-Interactive web presence: a fairer exchange between the user and a provider of repair of government takes place, ie the forms can be downloaded; applications submitted online.
-Transactional Web Presence: Users can easily access the services with priority according to their needs, on-line transactions of formal behaviors, such as paying taxes, the amount recorded.
Completely web-presence: The absolute integration of all public services online through a single portal shop.
E-government in Bangladesh: Considering this condition generally, in Bangladesh, no one can deny that there is a culture of information being developed in Bangladesh. It is also seen that the government project in the IT department is far behind the private entrepreneurs. Bangladesh has only one government official homepage / website (http://www.bangladeshgov.org), which can not be considered fully in any industry to adjust and some official pages / web sites of various government agencies, such as office Comptroller and Auditor General (www.cagbd.org), Ministry of the support (www.gobfinance.org), Bangladesh Bank (www.bangladesh-bank.org), National Board of Revenue (www.nbr-bd-org), which only provide static information to the user. Unfortunately, the going rate on-line by various government agencies is not more than ten percent.

There are no documented IT cell, these agencies to monitor the sites yet. There is also no attempt to update existing websites, with up-to-date information regularly. Almost all websites have outdated information, giving a negative impression of the country. It is safer not to ask any questions about standards for the design of these websites. So far no websites are far better than that of Bangladesh ministries.

Communications with the public and the system continues to depend on the telephone and fax. There is almost all electronic communications in effective government offices. Among the progressive authorities within the government, the National Board of Revenue (NBR), conceptually very advanced in those other. It has undertaken a program to connect customhouses through a system of networking online.

Framing the situation in Bangladesh, with the phases of e-government UN / ASPA global survey it is clear that Bangladesh is still in the first phase of web presence promising. According to this stage, a country can have only one or a few sites official national program offering static information to the user and serve as instruments of public affairs.
Recommendation: The long description of the creation of Bangladesh in the IT industry and the different types of problems, it is clear that Bangladesh has much to do to develop its IT industry capable of ensuring the progress of Bangladesh in the next phase of E- government. Therefore, the following recommendations can be taken into account to prepare for the next phase of e-government.

one. National IT Policy: Bangladesh should adopt a national IT policy. Under the EN
Political will should be a 10 year action plan to share some goals such as building infrastructure in the country, creating a national database, increase the export of software from a specific number, etc.

Bangladesh Computer Council (BCC), have delivered a national policy for IT project for the government but for some mysterious reason has not been done yet in the past even though the government has declared IT as a thrust sector. Federation of Bangladesh Chamber of Commerce and Industry (FBCCI) the main body of the private sector, has already drawn up an action plan for a long ten years for the IT industry. Bangladesh Computer Samity, ISP Association of Bangladesh, Bangladesh Software Exporters Association and not a government agency Bangle-Tech is preparing a draft IT policy of Bangladesh.
b. EN: To achieve sustainable growth in the IT industry and compete in the expanding global IT market, the government of Bangladesh should develop the infrastructure strengthening buy computer Bangladesh Council (BCC), Ministry of Science, Information & Communication Technology and reorganize the role of BTTB. Government must move from the role of BTTB service provider infrastructure providers.
First, BTTB should complete the task of providing Internet service to all district headquarters as soon as possible. Ongoing process of computerization and networking in all government agencies should be done as soon as possible. Then each division Government ministries, departments, organizations and all district headquarters, Upazilla headquarters and the headquarters of the Union should be networked to the National Center for use of data in the shortest possible time.
Secondly, the entire ministry, decisions, government agencies and semi-government organizations should establish ID websites where all policies and information relevant to the community must be regularly and efficiently laid low. The government should implement common IT system to provide broad national coverage and access files from any citizen to the government and administrative system that can be irrational to extend public armed forces to the most remote corners. Official website of Bangladesh should be the homepage of all the information and links related to various ministries.(to know about caretaker government)
Thirdly, a special programmer should be used to repair Internet educational institutions and libraries at a subsidized rate. Latest these libraries can be put under a solitary network so that a citizen can access any library anywhere.
Fourth, cyber café should be established in all post offices, Union complex and complicated Upazilla to offer and guarantee admission to public information. These coffees later can 'be the set to introduce e-government.
Fifth, the government should also create a joint venture IT Parks. Park software with advanced communication services made with the cooperation of distant and non-resident companies in Bangladesh.

c. development of IT professionals for the development of IT professionals as a result of the measures should be taken:
First, the dramatic events of the government should be taken to support standard for IT training and education in the country. As the University Grant Commission (UGC) and the National Curriculum and Textbook Board (NCTB). There may be a body to oversee the curriculum and the establishment and coming up with a National Curriculum Integrated IT for Bangladesh.
Secondly, the government must take appropriate measures to attract talented students to take IT education. Unlike the type of grants / scholarships / assistantships may be offered to students. Government can offer unusual IT Education Loan for students too. Government can egg on the private sector for this.
d. The laws related to IT: We should have a legal framework to take care of the interests of IT professionals, private entrepreneurs, and customers either computer. Thus, the government must come forward and begin the legal framework to provide guidelines, principles, systems and legislation to promote e-business.( to know about Women rights)
and. IT Commission / Division: The need for an IT committee felt very bad human being. Because the mali computer technology are so that only a person learned to recognize the trend of the requirements and to the stress of the IT infrastructure.
Conclusion: Bangladesh as a developing country with a good impression of promising young people, has proven its value in the field of IT. Today our youth are competing in the international stadium in the IT industry with energy and confidence. However, to e-government, Bangladesh has to go a long way. The personal sector has a little 'more than sufficient to demonstrate this promising division. Again it all depends on the role of government. The government must choose which way to go. To add in terms of efficiency, effectiveness, and organizational performance through the introduction of e-government or to the century old administration in corruption, red tapism, dissatisfaction, nepotism, the option is for governments.(to know about Hartal In bangladesh)

Caretaker Government

what is a caretaker government

The caretaker government in Bangladesh is the most political issue in Bangladesh. for the issuance of the recipient government's attention most of the opposition leaders in jail by the government. Because political party is going to make the motion for this problem

Introduction: The elections are measured to be the standard by which a democratic government works. It provides the processing power of income. While the elected government requires regular elections for the Parliament, the query of free and fair elections is also important. The prelude to the organization of Bangladesh recognizes the fundamental objective of the State to realize the democratic procedure for the creation of a free society begins to explain the process more democratic term, the nation is a democratic organization ....... in which the successful participation by the people through their designated representatives in administration at all levels must be guaranteed. So, after the fall of Ershad in 1990, he invented the moving parts of the government thought guardian. so that no party can have a considerable bearing on the method of election. Since then three consecutive elections will take place in three governments Warden.

Background of the concept of Caretaker Government:. The concept of concierge Govt. was entirely new. Although there is a controversy regarding the individual who first introduced the concept in Bangladesh. Jamat-e-Islami claimed he was a teacher Gulam Ajam, the then Amir of the bash, which introduced the first pride. On the other hand, tends to the glory Awami League leader Sheikh Hasina on them to introduce such an idea. but, all the opposition party in parliament, then to turn good operation of the system and eventually became common and created pressure on the government to bring in a bill at the meeting the transitional government. At the final stage of their movement, the opposition party has resigned from the group and asked non-stop strike until the govt. leave. At one point the group, and the government finally passed. Today, the pattern of caretaker govt. is the part of our foundation.

Arrangements for the interim government: Thirteenth alteration was made March 28, 1996 introducing the pilot of a non-party caretaker government for the creation of Bangladesh (Chapter 11A, Article 58B-58E). It will work through the period between the date on which the chief adviser to this government enter the workplace after Parliament is dissolved from the base of the expiry of its term until such time as a new entry in its first rector after the agencyConstitution of the Council. This government is composed of the CEO to his head and no additional ten other advisers, each of which is fixed by the President. The managing director and another adviser is appointed within fifteen days after Parliament is dissolved or stands dissolved.

Who would be the advisor / consultants: the leader appointed as Managing Director of saying that among the retired Chief Ministers of Bangladesh retired last and who is able to be appointed as a consultant in this piece.
Provided that if such retired Chief Justice is not at hand or is not willing to shake up the position of Director, the President appoints the managing director as saying that among the delegates retired judges retire before the next correctness last chief retired.
If no retired Chief Justice is available or not willing to hold the office, the leader designates the person who among the retired judges of the appellate divider retired last year. Provided that if such retired judge, is not at hand or will not hold the office, the president should use the car that the jury retired from the Appellate Division retired just before the last retired judge so.
If no retired judge of the Appellate Division exists or is willing to take the office, the president must take, in consultation with the main political parties, the Chief Advisor of Bangladesh among the citizens who have the ability to be chosen as a consultant under this article.
If none of these options have potential, then the president must assume the functions of the Chief Advice-givers in addition to his own.
Moreover, the president must use the advisors, chosen among those who are-
a) responsible for election as member of parliament;
b) not members of any organization or any political revelry associated or connected with any political party;
c) and have not agreed in writing not to be candidates for the election result;
d) not more than seventy years of age. The members are chosen by the Chairman in discussion with the Chief Advisor.
Term of office: the period of provisional government has three months within which will tighten the general elections of parliament.The interim government can not expand the term s of governance. If in the opinion of the Chief Electoral leaders, is not likely to hold such election within ninety days, then the period of interim government will be extended to a period of more than a three moths (ninety days).
Duties and privileges: the willpower of the guardians of the non-Party government plays the role of a government that acts and functions will continue these habits. But for the emergency plan will not take any decision (Article 58 D-1). The non-party caretaker government jobs will be required to provide to the Election Commission all possible assistance and rather peacefully and impartially.

Rating system: The structure of the interim government has advantages and disadvantages of cooperation. Level politicians, who had to fight for the system, now take the opposite position.However, the advantages of the system are more than its disadvantages. The advantages of the system undertake the following.
First, the system of caretaker government has given a new path of democracy and voting in the country. It helps us get rid of monocracy.
Secondly, the interim government on condition that the persons the ability to enjoy their rights to vote and play their role in a better democratic governance. Previously, people had time to know that they are entitled to vote. The military governments and party so perverted that they never gave the people the opportunity to vote.
Thirdly, the system of government concierge helps make government accountable to the public holiday. Because, as the ruling party should hand over power after the completion of the sentence and take part in general elections, the system of government Porter played a crucial role to make the bash in power should understand that taking part in elections as large as the other shares without any possibility of unfair means.
Fourth, the system of the host government has a huge role in the construction of the electoral process and likely increase the credulity and the legitimacy of the parliament and government.
Fifth and last, is a milestone in our trip to parliamentary democracy.It gave a new way for democracy and development and even was hail, both by developed countries and in the grass.
However, the system has some drawbacks that sometimes shakes the very process of governance and equality. For instances, the system of government is a sign or guardian blocking of our political leaders. It 's also a shame for the nation as a whole. Recently, the party is crying next to the system. All parties are supporting the system identically.
Conclusion: beyond the conversation shows that the system is ablessing interim government for the chosen people of the country.While some areas have reported on the following day next to the system such opposition did not land among the masses. Thus, in spite of some danger, the system should survive for the notice of democracy and progress of the State.

if you want more information then vai Amendment 15 constitutions Bangladesh

Women Rights

Introduction: Loss of power of women in a stain on civilization person. Due to the short position of women, about half the population of Bangladesh has gone back into the twilight. Women's access to the position of pressure and is normally limited, and their job choices more limited, and they earn less than men and struggle to merge the activities outside the home with their conformist position. Knowledge is primarily rooted in the division for women's worth it for something, but their reproductive role. Illiteracy, low life expectancy, low share of the workforce, not the possession of the land, the highest unemployment rate, high birth rates, death, forming a vicious cycle negative affects women in Bangladesh. Thus, in spite of his being found in freeing women and education, women in Bangladesh are politically out of use, oppressed socially, legally and technically private unnoticed. In other words, women are abandoned in almost all spheres of their lives and lack of empowerment of women

Bangladesh is derived from this scenario insensitive society.
Concept of empowerment: Although the phrase does not have a definition of empowerment pot still, is repeatedly used to articulate a process in which the weak or powerless acquire a stake in improving the management of resources and the trial verdict. Batliwoala defines empowerment as a process through which the universal and destitute women in meticulous tend to increase control over resources and ideology. And because women are generally more formal, such as members of the disempowered classes intimidating, vocabulary 'women empowerment' has come to be related to the effort of women to social justice and equality. The procedure for challenging existing power relations and control in front of more sources of skill can be defined as empowerment. As a result of empowerment of women is separation of power between the sexes, which belies the hope of many people notice that the emancipation of women should not men powerless.

Current status of women's empowerment in Bangladesh: The place of women in Bangladesh is much lower than that of women. However, women symbol of a person half the resources of the country and one half of its potential. Their literacy rate is only 65 percent, which is 55.6 per cent for men, life expectancy is 58.1 years for men and 57.6 years for women. Humanity excessive among women because of favoritism led to a relationship in which there are 105 men per 100 women. On the state of the diet of women and girls is characterized by strong differences with that of men and boys. Concern for the health of women is often limited to their reproductive health. Violence against women is alarmingly increasing. The Bureau of Bangladesh figures in a special report in 1999 revealed that death due to unnatural causes is almost three times higher for women due to pregnancy related.
Despite the legitimate mandate, the visibility of women in public review was negligible. Their contribution to institutional development and the creation of decision is also minimal. Wage differential between men and women are very high in case of an employee.
Besides, the foundation of Bangladesh provide the following formal equality between men and women. There is no legal obstacle for women contest or vote for any elected office

Hartal In Bangladesh

Hartal Photo in Bangladesh

Strike In Bangladesh

Introduction: Hartal is a political weapon to be used with caution and discretion. This is what I used to be generally in the good old days when strikes were called by industrial works, students, political parties etc. were rare, because there were other means of political action that have been used with a greater degree of efficiency . The situation now is very different. Strikes as a form of political action have become very common in Bangladesh. Here, the party / parties in opposition always try to use hartal as a political weapon to remove the government. Instead, the party in power always tries to monopolize the power that sometimes give the ground for opposition hartal. Neither party think of popular interests. Their only goal is power.

Reasons behind frequent hartals in Bangladesh: There are a number of reasons behind frequent hartals in Bangladesh. The most important reasons may be involved as below: 1.The 'most important reason for frequent hartals in Bangladesh is the virtual liquidation of other effective means of political action. Party in power always tends to use their power as an instrument of political repression. Against the government crackdown, other peaceful means of protest as the hunger strike, procession, movement etc. are not effective. Government did not evaluate these democratic means of protest that are anti-government forces to take recourse to hartals

2.The 'narrowing of the political objectives is another important reason for frequent hartals in the country. Today, political parties and interest to resort to hartal lnly to achieve their narrow political ends rather than the interests of the people. They shamelessly pronounce different words in accordance with the difference in their position.

3. Another reason behind frequent strikes in the country is the intolerance and intransigence of the parties, both government and opposition. Neither party bI have any real moral or political, rather than shouting the name of democracy, development, rule of law and many other slogans.

4. The political unawareness and ignorance of the people is also responsible for unwary hartals in the country. Because of ignorance of the masses, political parties can take advantage of the popular forces in favor of their position, regardless of its merits and demerits.

Nature of hartals in Bangladesh: The hartal in Bangladesh has some distinctive features that are not seen in strikes in developed countries, including India.

First, hartal in Bangladesh is violent. Picketing in the streets and highways generally occur through violent actions, properties, harmful, openly firing and bombing on people, especially the police.

Secondly, the processions in favor and against the strike is common throughout the hartal. The opposition out only to safeguard people's rights and interests of the government and protest as the harbinger of peace. People become the scapegoat of clashes between the forces of pro-and anti-hartal hartal. The most devilish thing is that politicians consider these bodies to consider how their political value.

Third, other important features of hartal in the country is that, if called strike any party or group, people usually remain in their homes. Government to ensure people of all types of securities, while the opposition continues to threaten people not to leave home for their daily activities.

Fourth, the government always tries to prove that people have rejected the request of opposition to the strike and the opposition calling hartal thank all the people in general compliance with the Hartel. Then people become confused about their position.

Hertal and our political parties: it is obvious that means one end of an object are in inextricable relationship between them. In the present day Bangladesh, the reason for the virtual liquidation of other means of political action and the overwhelming dependence on the strike must be sought in the unprecedented reduction down policy objectives to remain in power in any way and to monopolize the power to As far as possible. Opposition parties also moved by the same basic considerations. They want to seize power as quickly as possible and for this they need to remove an elected government before the end of their term. In this report, government opposition, think it is irrelevant which party is in power and opposition which are what is known is that the ruling party behaves in a certain and definite opposition party has a precise pattern of behavior. And 'for this person that just the BNP and their government says and does say that the government do the same things that the AL used to say and do when they were in government. Similarly, the AL says and does exactly what the BNP say he used to do when in opposition. This is true regardless of differences of some very important factors and aspects of their propaganda.

As an example of these, the attitudes of the government and the opposition in respect of hartals and strikes can be mentioned.During the period 1991-1996 BNP was in government and at that time were very bitterly against the people and as a means to subvert the national production, development etc. Awami League said the same thing you did forward the same arguments against strikes and lockouts with some variations. Also, the present BNP government also saying the same thing and carry the same anti-hartal topics.

In terms of the BNP government of the League Awani been spurred by uncontrollable impulses to the conquest of power unlashed hertals and a series of strikes. Butr during their regime the memory of what they did as the main opposition not to hinder their work the words with regard to strikes and lockouts. Similarly what the BNP has said and done regarding hartals and strikes in opposition are now irrelevant for them. Another aspect of polities hartal in our country is that the police act arbitrarily against the opposition and the people. During the AL regime, armed presence of the ruling party during the hartal hours was more visible than the opposition.

In addition, hartals and strikes also provide an opportunity to different factions within the ruling party to settle their account s, and sometimes their abilities party men. In this way, but to kill two birds with one stone. Putting the blame for rivals within the party.

What should I do to get rid of hartal: With the advent of democracy and electoral politics, popular orientation toward hartal has changed a lot. Today, people usually reject any hartal, but do not support the government crackdown against the opposition. This attitudinal change can be said about a positive development in our politics. But what is unfortunate is that our politicians are not aware of popular sentiment. So to get rid of the cruch of hartal imprudent, the following points deserve special attention:

1.To get rid of hartals and strikes, both governments and opposition parties should show respect for democratic norms and values. They should promote the interests of popular consent.

2. Our opposition parties should not think negatively. Their policy should not be aimed at creating problems for governments rather than to protect the interests of the peoples.

3.The 'present opposition party, the AL should not follow the same path as the party of government, when in opposition BNP. Rather, they should pay due respect for parliamentary democracy, parliament is seen as the main area of debate and political decisions.

4. Government is also responsible for enhancing the views and orientations of the opposition. Otherwise, it is usually hopeless against the government. The police should not be used as BE4 workers party against the opposition.

5.Our media should act as a watchdog against hartal reckless and arbitrary acts and decisions of government. The media should clarify the merits and demerits of hartals and strikes for people.

6. The people themselves must be aware of their rights, duties, and destiny. They should give the hartal knowingly reckless and unpopular acts of the government.

Conclusion: Strikes and lockouts are now invariably marked by violence resulting in critical loss of life and other damages. Our politicians shamelessly use this crucial political weapon against the other without any regard to the interests of the people. Now the development in our political culture is the policy of breaking the strike which has again taken a consensus to get rid of hartals and strikes for the good of the people's interests and national development

Introduction Afghanistan

Afganistan Map

Afghanistan is the greater Muslim country in the word. Afghanistan also situated in the south Asian region. Recenly Afghanistan Join Saarc as member. main problem of this county is crime problem. recently the countries attacked by nato army. This is running. The nearest country of Afghanistan is India And Pakistan

Afghanistan also close friend country of Bangladesh
(Introduction Bangladesh)

Introduction India

India map

India Is the 2nd biggest country of the world. India is situated in the south asian region.

India also greatest democratic country of the world. Now I have informed you some basic statistic of India. Bangladesh is the so nearest of India.

Capital city	Noya Dillhi
Independent Year	15 aug 1947
Old Name	Hindustan
Parliament name	Lok shova
Government system	Parliamentary
Political system	Democracy
Nationality	Indian
Constitution name	People Republic India
National symbol
Colony	British
Independent earn from	Britain
Member of UNO	30 Oct,1945
Boundary	3287263sq km
Population	120 core
Language	Hindi
Currency	Rupee
50 rupee	1 usd

saarc

Introduction Bangladesh

Bangladesh map

Bangladesh is developing country in the third word. Now I discuss about some statistics In Bangladesh

Capital city	Dhaka
Independent Year	1971
Old Name	Bongo/Bangala
Parliament name	Jatia Sangsad
Government system	Parliamentary
Political system	Democracy
Nationality	Bangladeshi
Constitution name	People Republic Bangladesh
National symbol	Lotus /shapla
Colony	British
Independent earn from	Pakistan
Member of UNO	17 sep,1974
Boundary	1447570sq km
Population	16 core
Language	Bengali
Currency	Taka
82 tk	1 usd

saarc